It is unclear what is meant by the term "real world problems" the usual in terminology of K-12 discussions. The second example, the problem from the 1992 California Mathematics Framework on fairness was meant to be a real-world problem. However, in absolute terms, we can understand real world to mean the kinds of problems that mathematicians are asked to help solve outside of mathematics. Typically, such problems are not well-posed. Here is one that that came up in robotics. "Automated vehicles on factory floors usually are guided by wires embedded in the floor. How does one program these vehicles to avoid one another and get to where they are supposed to go as efficiently as possible?" As stated, the problem is far too vague. What do we mean by "vehicle," "guided," "efficienty?" One has to start making assumptions, checking them for reasonableness, and gradually create one or more well-posed problems that are sufficiently precise to be mathematical in nature, but are still sufficiently related to the original question that the answers will be useful.