This study was the first to evaluate the influence of the combination of these four translation strategies and nurses' attitudes toward research on the adoption of evidence-based practice in a time-series design study. The time-series design was used because an experimen tal design was not feasible. but these findings can be pilot data for experimental research that is needed to provide the strongest evidence for practice change. In the review(Frasure, 2006) of the four strategies, there was no case when harm outweighed the risk when de ciding to use one or more of the strategies. Hence. those pursuing practice improvements should consider using a combination of these four strategies when attempting to change nurses' behaviors. There is no harm in advo cating for the use of the bladder protocol because there is minimal risk involved in using these strategies to adopt the evidence-based bladder protocol. The blad der protocol would be helpful to a unit where there is no protocol. The benefits of using a tested evidence based protocol outweigh the benefits of writing and using a protocol that is not evidence based. The nursing unit in this study chose not to adopt the bladder protocol after the study completion. At the time of the study. the use of evidence-based practice was not a priority of the study site's institution