How sales promotion is to be communicated and what would be communicated to the target groups is important and can be pre-tested. For example the pre-tested may find out what is likely to be the perceived value and the risk. A customer considers whether it would be wise to buy an unknown brand of sport shoes at a 45% discount. In this offer was there a risk of buying an unfamiliar brand? The pre-test can be conducted to assess these factors by using focus groups and consumer panels. Another approach, ballot method, consists of kneeling a ballot paper to a list of consumers. They are requested to evaluate different illustrated promotion is and vote for the most right and return the ballot to the firm. A relatively expensive but more accurate method is a portfolio test. A portfolio of sales promotion is prepared and shown to consumers in person and the responses are noted.