Bacillus subtilis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium found in soil and vegetation studied for its ability to form bacterial endospores. Because B. subtilis lives in a dynamic soil environment where conditions can switch quickly, it has adapted sporulation to combat these challenges. Alternatively, it may be found in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, where it may commence its virulent life cycle. Bacillus subtilis as a Model Organism
B. subtilis is the model organism for sporulation to its widespread availability and easy cultivation. This is due to their ability to tolerate oxygen, as opposed to Clostridium, which is anaerobic. Additionally, B subtilis is ubiquitous and broadly adapted to growing in many environments.