Waste reduction. Uppermost in the hierarchy is the strategy that waste production from industrial manufacturing processes should be reduced. Reduction of waste at source should be achieved by developing clean technologies and processes that require less material in the end products and produce less waste in their manufacture. This may involve the development of new technologies or adaptation of existing processes. Other methods include the development and manufacture of longer lasting products and products which are likely to result in less waste when they are used. The manufacturing processes should also avoid producing wastes which are hazardous, or reduce the toxicity of such wastes. Waste reduction has the incentive of making significant savings in raw materials, energy use and production and waste disposal costs.