PreK–12 teachers and leaders are working in an erawhen assessments are a constant topic of discussionand debate. It is important to remember, however,that there are clear standards for judging the quality ofassessments of any type. This is true of both formative and summative assessment (see the Standards forEducational and Psychological Testing; AERA, APA, &NCME, 2014). Assessments that are both reliable and valid help test score users make appropriateinferences about students’ knowledge,skills, and abilities.