2.3 Instruments
Tool I
The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ)—ICU version, The SAQ was specifically to measure safety culture at
both the individual and group level (e.g. at the ICU or job category level). The SAQ is consisted of 60 item
survey instrument to assesses safety attitude across six factors—perceptions of management, job satisfaction,
medical errors, stress recognition, teamwork climate and safety climate. Each item is measured on a 5-point
Likert scale (Agree Strongly to Disagree strongly), which is then converted to a 0–100 scale. Each factor score
equals the mean score of its component survey items. A positive score is defined as ≥75 out of 100. To calculate