Polytechnic R&D has expanded in recent years. The most important source of funding for polytechnic R&D is the EU Structural Funds.
The two main missions for universities are scientific research and research-based higher education, including postgraduate education. Doctoral degrees are only awarded by universities.
About half of university research funding comes directly from the state budget and is intended to safeguard infrastructure and other basic prerequisites for research. Universities allocate these resources independently. The other half of university research funding is external financing, which is mainly competitive