E-cigarettes, while marketed as an alternative to smoking tobacco that only produces harmless
water vapor, with no adverse impact on indoor air quality, were found to have chemical
emissions that pose health risks directly to both the user and indirectly to non-users.
With respect to the direct exposure to users, 4 of the 9 chemicals analyzed exceeded the NSRL
hazard quotient of 1.0 for cancer related health effects; lead (1.33), formaldehyde (1.64), NNK
(2.36), and cadmium (5.13). Two chemicals analyzed exceeded the CREL hazard quotient of 1.0
for non-cancer related health effects; nicotine (222) and propylene glycol (967). In addition, for