Coverage Analysis measures the ratio of defined to actual product features. It is used to determine whether the requirements or features of interest have been implemented in the product.
This is accomplished by tracing from the original system (or contract) requirements directly to test cases. Note that the tests are the best way to measure completion or compliance as designs may not have been implemented. If a product is released to the market without the features deemed as being important, it may fail.
If the product is being delivered as part of a contract, then coverage analysis is used to measure contract compliance; e.g., what was agreed on versus what is currently being delivered.
The architect can also use coverage analysis to assist with an impact analysis; that is , the cost of making a change may be lower if implementation of a product feature has not yet started.