1. The word ..... "X" (line .....) refers to .....
2. The phrase ..... "X" (line .....) refers to .....
3. The word in the passage that has the same reference as "X" (line .....) is ……..
4. The word ..... "X" as used by the author in this passage refers only to ...….
5. As used throughout the passage, the word ..... "X" refers to ………
6. What does the word "X" (line .....) refer to?