This chapter provides an overview of the changes in
the adult skeleton with age; the scientific basis for physical
activity and exercise as a strategy to maintain or
enhance skeletal integrity; the role of various modes of
physical activity/exercise to augment bone mass, geometry,
and strength; the antifracture efficacy of physical
activity and exercise; and exercise recommendations for optimizing musculoskeletal health and reducing the risk
of fracture during adulthood and old age.