s [4–6]. The HL-CMS
rice was selected by backcrossing red-awned wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) with the indica variety Lian Tangzao in the 1970s. At the
molecular level, the HL-CMS is caused by an abnormal open reading frame (orfH79), which is chimeric to atp6. The product of orfH79
impairs mitochondrial function via interacting with a subunit of
electron transport chain complex III