In the three-dimensional cutting model described in Section 6.4.1, the chip flow direction hc and the effective shear angle fe are the basic independent variables for a given tool geometry and cutting conditions. Key dependent parameters used in their determination
are the effective rake angle a e and the chip flow direction h′ in the x′–y′ plane. In this
section the dependence of a c
e and h′ on h c and tool geometry, characterized by the normal
c
rake an and the cutting edge inclination angle ls is first derived. Conversions between an and other measures of tool rake are then developed.