RESULTS
In this study, nursing diagnoses, and outcomes, with
assessment factors and interventions for adults with
HBP, were identified from references resources. The
researcher paid special attention to the practical,
clinically-important recommendations made by studies
and how to apply the results to health promotion
care in adults with HBP in community settings, on
the basis of the consistency of the primary objective
of the research questions and research findings. Nursing
interventions were classified on the basis of the
principles of services of health promotion identified
in Lundeen’s CCPHC model (Hong, 2007).
The sample of 70 articles and references resulted
in the identification of a total of 39 nursing process
components including nursing assessments, diagnoses,
interventions and outcomes. Nursing components
identified were: (a) Nursing Assessment Factors: Systolic
and diastolic blood pressure at each encounter;
demographic characteristics; diseases conditions associated
with higher vascular risk conditions; physical
examination for new patients with HBP; major risk
factors for cardio-vascular disease; monitor lab tests;
physical activity status; dietary status; alcohol consumption;
weight reduction; barriers to HBP control;
medication adherence (Table 2). (b) Nursing
Diagnosis Factors: HBP; Overweight with HBP;
Obesity with HBP; High Risk for Obesity; Excess
Alcohol Consumption with HBP; Lack of Exercise/
Physical Inactivity; Less Physical Activity than Recommended;
Smoking with HBP; Adherence to
Medication Regimen; and Persistent HBP. (c) Nursing
Outcome Factors: Attained Target BP; Maintained
Target BP; Decreased BP/Lowered BP;
Increased Physical Activity; Increased Fruits and Vegetable
Intake; Low-Fat Dairy Product Consumption;
Salt-Restricted Diet; Reduction of Alcohol Consumption;
Normal Body Weight; and Weight Loss
(Table 3). (d) Nursing intervention Factors were
categorized in 11 areas based on the principle services
such as Health teaching, Counseling, Lifestyle
modification, Nursing case management, Surveillance
identified in Lundeen’s CCPHC Model. Nursing
interventions for hypertensive patients focusing
on health promotion nursing activities are identified
as follows: Identify Demographic Characteristics;
Perform Physical Examination; Measure BP;
Monitor BP; Monitor Lab Tests; Review Patient BP
Record; Identify Barriers to Control BP; Calculate
BMI; Provide Health Teaching about Behavioral
Lifestyle Modification Therapy; Provide Counseling;
and Facilitate Case Management (Table 4).
This study summarized evidence from study recommendations
to develop nursing process factors
related to the promotion of health in a primary setting
for hypertensive adults. The causes of HBP
vary, but the cause has yet to be determined; most of
the time, the attack is sudden and silent (National
Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2006). It is imperative
to identify as many items as possible that are
relevant to the particular topic to support nursing
process components for evidence-based nursing
practice to promote health for adults with HBP in
community settings