The epidermis on the dorsal side is interrupted by stomata and is feebly cutinised (Fig. 5a). These epidermal cells are polygonal in an aerial view (Fig. 1e and f) but are almost rectangular in cross section (Fig. 5a). The upper epidermis almost completely lacks chloroplasts which are otherwise prominent in the lower epidermis and in the ventral parenchymatic cell layers (Fig. 5a).The cells of the growing pseudoroot depict high number of chloroplasts (Fig. 5a). On the dorsal surface, below the stomata are the prominent substomatal air spaces (Fig. 5a and b).