In addition, the extremely higher aggregate
data rates and the much lower latencies required by 5G will
introduce more energy-consuming technologies (e.g. massive
MIMO, native support for M2M communication) [2]. The
rapidly-growing number of richer applications in cloudassisted
mobile ad-hoc networks will make the energy consumption
problem worse. It is an urgent need of both
hardware and software solutions to make sure that those
networks are more energy efficient, or “greener.”