Heterotrophic microbial aggregates are stimulated
to grow by steering the C/N ratio in the water through the
modification of the carbohydrate content in the feed or by the
addition of an external carbon source, so that the bacteria can
assimilate the waste ammonia for new biomass production. Biofloc
systems have been shown not only to maintain ammonia below
toxic levels and to improve the feed nutrient utilization efficiency of
the cultured animals , but also to provide extra nutrients
[11] and exogenous digestive enzymes . Biofloc application can
also lead to increased growth, survival and reproductive performance
of the cultured animals