Fig. 3.
Representation of 1C4 and 4C1 conformations for β-D-galactopyranose. ∗The conformations are defined by numerals indicating ring atoms lying above or below a defined reference plane (red) containing C-2, C-3, C-5 and O atoms. In structure 1, C-1 is above the plane and C-4 is below, and thus, the symbol is 1C4.Likewise, structure 2 is 4C1.