Collectively, our results indicate that the
bioactive compound extracted from P. temperata M1021
inhibited PO in G. mellonella. GC/MS and NMR techniques
were employed to identify the compound as benzaldehyde,
which exhibited significant toxicity toward the G. mellonella
larvae, as well as inhibitory activity against immune responses
as demonstrated by reduced hemocyte nodulation in the larval
gut. Benzaldehyde also exerted antibacterial and antioxidant
activities, which suggest that it could be developed as a novel
agricultural insecticide.