To better understand hotspots, we can turn to Routine Activity Theory (Cohen & Felson, 1979) which explains how offenders, targets and locations converge to create opportunities for crime. For example, Clarke and Eck's (2003) crime triangle explains that crime occurs when a motivated offender and suitable target converge in an opportune place in the absence of effective guardianship. Crime Pattern Theory explains that crimes do not occur randomly across geographical and temporal contexts, but that pattern of convergence can be seen in the existence of 'hotspots' (Brantingham & Brantingham, 2008).