Pain is often associated with fear, anxiety, and stress. A number of no pharmacologic techniques, such as distraction, relaxation, guided imagery, and cutaneous stimulation, can help with pain control. It is also important to provide coping strategies that help reduce pain perception, make pain more tolerable, decrease anxiety and enhance the effectiveness of analgesics or reduce the dosage required. Techniques decrease the perceived threat of pain. provide a sense of control, enhance comfort, and promote rest and sleep. Despite a paucity of research on the effectiveness of many these interventions, the strategies are safe, noninvasive, and inexpensive, and most are independent nursing functions. Environmental and psychologic factors may exert a powerful influence on children's pain perceptions and may be modified by using psychosocial strategies, education, parental support, d cognitive-behavioral interventions. For children undergoing repeated painful procedures, cognitive-behavioral intervention are effective for decreasing anxiety and distress.