The EVA approach can be adapted for either for wardor backward-looking measures, while some of the other approaches focus on one or the other. For example, discounted cash flow methods (not included here) focus only on valuation. Economic Profit, too, is mainly concerned with valuation (performance measurement can be carried out only indirectly through the CFROI ratio). The Added Value approach is suited only for performance measurement. Only the EVA approach envisions the use of stock price data to assist in valuation through the inclusion of the further ratio, Market Value Added.