In Western populations, cigarette smoking has generally been
shown to be associated with the risk of diabetes. Both the duration
and volume of smoking are associated with the risk[24]. A recent study which reviewed 25 prospective cohort studies involving 1.2
million participants has concluded that active smoking increases
the risk of type-2 diabetes by 44%. Desirable lifestyle habits (nonsmoking, moderate drinking and proper diet) are associated with a
markedly lower incidence of NOD even later in life[2]