Variance components
The variance components (Table 3) estimated from the symptom grade records in the field conditions indicated that the inheritance of mosaic resistance tends to be quantitative, showing a broad-sense heritability of 19.37% at the individual level. The genetic variance (View the MathML source) magnitude was inferior to that of environmental variance (sum of View the MathML source and View the MathML source), with 80.73% due to environmental effects, indicating that individual selection to mosaic resistance is inefficient. The means-based broad-sense heritability was 62.17%, demonstrating a higher efficiency of those methods based on means, such as family selection.