Korean NHI has been unable to control health care expenditures.2,3 The Korean government on the one hand, has assumed exclusive control over medical care financing without including the medical profession in the policymaking process. Organized medicine has complained that only 65% of customary medical care costs are reimbursed by current health insurance. Korean physicians blame the government, claiming that it has developed a universal health insurance system at the expense of their professional incomes and autonomy.4