However, as we move into the new millennium there are growing signs that extremism even in the West is far from dead—that we celebrated prematurely the universal victory of democracy. Perhaps the turn of the twenty-first century was an interregnum, rather than a turning point. In Western Europe there has been the rise of ‘extreme right’ and ‘populist’ parties such as Jean-Marie Le Pen’s Front National, which pose a radical challenge to existing elites—even to the liberal political system. In the USA, the 1995 Oklahoma mass-bombing has not been followed by another major extreme right attack, but there is simmering resentment towards the allegedly over-powerful state among well-armed militias and other groups. More generally across the West, new forms of green politics, often linked by a growing hostility to globalisation-Americanisation, are taking on more violent forms (the issue of animal rights is also growing in importance in this context).