Many authors have suggested a range of techniques for improving diversity management
through HRM. Strong emphasis has been put on management philosophy that is committed to EEO, AA and appreciating and making use of diversity at the strategic level. As Truss (1999) argued, leadership and administrative heritage influence the nature and form of careers offered to both men and women. Effective diversity management requires a culture of inclusion that creates a work environment nurturing teamwork, participation and cohesiveness (Carnevale and Stone 1994; Dwyer, Richard and Chadwick 2001). Diversity culture should be emphasized in organizational vision, mission and business strategy and the HRM strategy. The formation of a diversity culture requires a significant commitment of resources and leadership. Formalization of HR diversity policies is also necessary as Reskin and McBrier (2000) argued that organizations with written documents for hiring and firing had higher percentages of women in management.