Embryo survival was estimated as the proportion of fertilized eggs that produced larvae at 48 h
Seawater in the larval cultures was renewed every 2 days. During these changes, numbers of remaining larvae were estimated and shell length was measured for 20 individuals. When cultures reached eyed stage, clean scallop shell attached to polypropylene lines were suspended in cultures to allow setting. If setting was heavy, old shell was removed and new shell added.