In this paper, a review is presented of current research, development and industrial practice in ECM. Basic
principles and recent attempts at improving ECM tool design are discussed in section 2. Section 3 presents the concept of pulse ECM and related technological developments. Modeling and simulation of numerically
controlled (NC) ECM are presented in section 4. Applications of ECM in microfabrication and surface
finishing are reviewed in section 5. Section 6 addresses the issues of environmental concern. The basic principles of hybrid machining combining ECM with other traditional and nontraditional processes, and their benefits and applications are discussed in section 7. Section 8 describes typical ECM applications. A summary of the paper is given in section 9.