Aim. In this paper, we describe the evidence-based revised conceptual model, the
three dimensions of the model, and the areas where further research is needed.
Background/Rationale. The experience of symptoms, minor to severe, prompts
millions of patients to visit their healthcare providers each year. Symptoms not only
create distress, but also disrupt social functioning. The management of symptoms
and their resulting outcomes often become the responsibility of the patient and his
or her family members. Healthcare providers have difculty developing symptom
management strategies that can be applied across acute and home-care settings
because few models of symptom management have been tested empirically.
To date, the majority of research on symptoms was directed toward studying a
single symptom, such as pain or fatigue, or toward evaluating associated symptoms,
such as depression and sleep disturbance. While this approach has advanced our
understanding of some symptoms, we offer a generic symptom management model
to provide direction for selecting clinical interventions, informing research, and
bridging an array of symptoms associated with a variety of diseases and conditions.
Finally, a broadly-based symptom management model allows the integration of
science from other ®elds
Aim. In this paper, we describe the evidence-based revised conceptual model, thethree dimensions of the model, and the areas where further research is needed.Background/Rationale. The experience of symptoms, minor to severe, promptsmillions of patients to visit their healthcare providers each year. Symptoms not onlycreate distress, but also disrupt social functioning. The management of symptomsand their resulting outcomes often become the responsibility of the patient and hisor her family members. Healthcare providers have difculty developing symptommanagement strategies that can be applied across acute and home-care settingsbecause few models of symptom management have been tested empirically.To date, the majority of research on symptoms was directed toward studying asingle symptom, such as pain or fatigue, or toward evaluating associated symptoms,such as depression and sleep disturbance. While this approach has advanced ourunderstanding of some symptoms, we offer a generic symptom management modelto provide direction for selecting clinical interventions, informing research, andbridging an array of symptoms associated with a variety of diseases and conditions.Finally, a broadly-based symptom management model allows the integration ofscience from other ®elds
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