Introduction
In today’s competitive and rapidly changing environment manufacturing firms face an increased challenge to design, produce and distribute products for a global market and simultaneously manage its global networks of operations as efficiently as possible. As the manufacturing footprints of these firms become more global, the firm has to take successively more aspects into account when designing, managing, and improving the global production and distribution network. Consequently, the design of such networks becomes critical for the competitiveness of the firm. The focus of the firm is first and foremost on its own manufacturing network, i.e. the manufacturing plants of the firm, the distribution system that is owned by the firm, and all transportation within this network. In addition, markets and important suppliers need to be incorporated in an extended view on the manufacturing network. Thus, a network includes suppliers, facilities for production and distribution, customers, and all transportation between these nodes. Figure l displays a general and extended production and distribution network.
Previous reviews have been concerned with different aspects of the design of global production and distribution networks: the coordinated planning aspects of the production and distribution system with attention to models covering the total supply chain; a review of mathematical models concerning the management of the intra-firm global supply chain; selected mixed integer programming models with attention to the strategic design of the global supply chain; international characteristics, production and distribution models that explicitly consider the transportation system; strategic, tactical, and operational decisions related to multi-national production and distribution networks; and, decision support models for the design of global supply chains.
This is to our knowledge the first broad systematic review of the literature on the design of the global production and distribution networks that investigates: the interrelationship between on the one hand production and manufacturing facilities and on the other hand distribution and transportation activities for global networks.
Introduction
In today’s competitive and rapidly changing environment manufacturing firms face an increased challenge to design, produce and distribute products for a global market and simultaneously manage its global networks of operations as efficiently as possible. As the manufacturing footprints of these firms become more global, the firm has to take successively more aspects into account when designing, managing, and improving the global production and distribution network. Consequently, the design of such networks becomes critical for the competitiveness of the firm. The focus of the firm is first and foremost on its own manufacturing network, i.e. the manufacturing plants of the firm, the distribution system that is owned by the firm, and all transportation within this network. In addition, markets and important suppliers need to be incorporated in an extended view on the manufacturing network. Thus, a network includes suppliers, facilities for production and distribution, customers, and all transportation between these nodes. Figure l displays a general and extended production and distribution network.
Previous reviews have been concerned with different aspects of the design of global production and distribution networks: the coordinated planning aspects of the production and distribution system with attention to models covering the total supply chain; a review of mathematical models concerning the management of the intra-firm global supply chain; selected mixed integer programming models with attention to the strategic design of the global supply chain; international characteristics, production and distribution models that explicitly consider the transportation system; strategic, tactical, and operational decisions related to multi-national production and distribution networks; and, decision support models for the design of global supply chains.
This is to our knowledge the first broad systematic review of the literature on the design of the global production and distribution networks that investigates: the interrelationship between on the one hand production and manufacturing facilities and on the other hand distribution and transportation activities for global networks.
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