We want to argue that it is both-both a real social movement. And a battle between elite figures and groups. These two historical processes are inextricably intertwined, and that is why the resolution is so co complex.
The first section discusses the socioeconomic background, and why a social movement of this force should have appeared at this point in history. The second examines how an elite conflict has developed into competitive mass mobilizations, and a fierce ideological debate.