A survey was conducted on two Brazilian chocolate manufacturing companies (A and B) to investigate/
determine Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms and Salmonella contamination. Samples of different chocolate
types, processed cocoa-based ingredients, manufacturing environment, and workers' hand surfaces were
analyzed. Salmonella and Escherichia coli were not detected. However, in 25.8% of the chocolate samples,
Enterobacteriaceae were isolated while total coliforms were detected in 13.3%. Among the processed
cocoa-based ingredients, two samples of cocoa liquor showed contamination by Enterobacteriaceae and
total coliforms, and in one sample thermotolerant coliforms were also recovered. For equipment and
utensils, Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in around 25.4% of the samples, whereas total coliforms were
detected in 10.2%. Moreover, in company A 14.3% of manufacturing environment samples were
contaminated by thermotolerant coliforms. The food handlers from both companies showed a high
percentage of Enterobacteriaceae contamination on their hands. The results showed that the
manufacturing environment including food handlers was considered the most likely Enterobacteriaceae
contamination source of the finished product. These data also highlight Enterobacteriaceae as a good
hygiene indicator for the chocolate industry.
A survey was conducted on two Brazilian chocolate manufacturing companies (A and B) to investigate/
determine Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms and Salmonella contamination. Samples of different chocolate
types, processed cocoa-based ingredients, manufacturing environment, and workers' hand surfaces were
analyzed. Salmonella and Escherichia coli were not detected. However, in 25.8% of the chocolate samples,
Enterobacteriaceae were isolated while total coliforms were detected in 13.3%. Among the processed
cocoa-based ingredients, two samples of cocoa liquor showed contamination by Enterobacteriaceae and
total coliforms, and in one sample thermotolerant coliforms were also recovered. For equipment and
utensils, Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in around 25.4% of the samples, whereas total coliforms were
detected in 10.2%. Moreover, in company A 14.3% of manufacturing environment samples were
contaminated by thermotolerant coliforms. The food handlers from both companies showed a high
percentage of Enterobacteriaceae contamination on their hands. The results showed that the
manufacturing environment including food handlers was considered the most likely Enterobacteriaceae
contamination source of the finished product. These data also highlight Enterobacteriaceae as a good
hygiene indicator for the chocolate industry.
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