All research subjects were 40 male students between 20 and 29 years of age enrolled at University P, located in Gyeongbuk, Korea. They were randomly and evenly divided (14 members per group) into a diaphragm respiration exercise group and a control group. We conducted interviews with every subject and recorded individual measurements for each weight, body fat percentage, smoking history, smoking amount, smoking habit, drinking habit, diet, disease history, and family history