To what extent does the country take part in the OECD antibribery convention? (+10)
The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions is a legally binding agreement that defines bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions as a crime. It is the first and only international anticorruption instrument focused on the ‘supply side’ of the bribery transaction. The implementation of the convention is regularly monitored through a peer-review approach and it is carried out by the OECD Working Group on Bribery. All CDI countries have now completed Phase 3 and receive 10 points (six points for previously completing Phase 2).
Has the country introduced procedures to limit loopholes in the antibribery convention? (-2)
There is evidence that some corporations use loopholes in the convention in order to pay bribes and receive preferential treatment without the fear of prosecution. The CDI takes into account whether a country has introduced procedures which eliminate such loopholes.
Is a country a member of MDTF (+3), EITI (+1), KPCS (+1), or ITTO? (+1)
The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) promotes transparency in the management of natural resources. If a country participates in EITI, its companies are required to publish what they pay to governments, and governments are obliged to disclose what they receive from companies. A multistakeholder group monitors the process in each participating country. A list of participating countries and institutions can be found here.
The EITI Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) provides grants and technical assistance to countries that implement EITI. It is administered by the World Bank and supported by partner countries and institutions. Their list is available here.
The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) is a joint initiative of governments, industry, and civil society that aims to eliminate the trade of conflict diamonds. Conflict diamonds are those whose sales contribute to funding an armed conflict. A full list of participating countries is available here.
The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) is an intergovernmental organization established in 1986 with the aim of promoting conservation and sustainable management, use, and trade of tropical forest resources. A full list of participating countries is available here.
Is a country a leader on extractive industry issues? (+6)
The CDI considers a country to be a leader to the extent that it meets the following criteria:
Has individual membership in EITI
Provides funding to the EITI MDTF (see recent annual report)
Actively participates in working groups of the Kimberly process
How does a country rank on the Bribe Payers Index? (+4)
The Bribe Payers Index, published by Transparency International, assesses the world’s richest countries on the basis of how likely their firms are to pay bribes abroad. The index is based on the views of thousands of senior business executives from developed and developing countries. In the CDI, a country receives four points if it scores in the top quarter, three points if in second quarter, two points if in third quarter, and 0 points if in the bottom quarter. Countries that are not included in the BPI receive the same as those in third quarter. For more information on the index and detailed results, please visit the Transparency international website.
Does the country take vigorous action to punish home-country bribe payers? (+4)
This CDI indicator is based on information in the country reports of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions about countries’ approaches to punishing home-country bribe payers.
Is the country negligent in identifying bribery and corrupt practices? (-4)
This CDI indicator is based on information in the country reports of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions about countries’ approaches to punishing home-country bribe payers.