Emmy Werner was one of the early scientists to use the term resilience in the 1970s. Resilience also emerged as a major theoretical and research topic from the studies of children of schizophrenic mothers in the 1980s.[13] In an 1989 study,[14] the results showed that children with a schizophrenic parent may not obtain an appropriate level of comforting caregiving—compared to children with healthy parents—and that such situations often had a detrimental impact on children’s development. On the other hand, some children of ill parents thrived well and were competent in academic achievement, and therefore led researchers to make efforts to understand such responses to adversity.