• The goal test, which determines whether a given state is a goal state. Sometimes there
is an explicit set of possible goal states, and the test simply checks whether the given
state is one of them. The agent’s goal in Romania is the singleton set {In(Bucharest )}.
Sometimes the goal is specified by an abstract property rather than an explicitly enumerated
set of states. For example, in chess, the goal is to reach a state called “checkmate,”
where the opponent’s king is under attack and can’t escape.