Most obviously, for example, what I have the power to do will, typically, depend on whether you are seeking to exercise power over me, to structure my field of possible actions, or to exercise power with me, coordinating our efforts in joint pursuit of a shared goal.
Notice, though, that there are contexts in which a given agent may be powerless, in that nothing they can do as this agent, in acting for or against another agent, can have any effect.
A classic instance of such a case, with respect to formal decision-making power, is provided by the position of Luxembourg in the Council of Ministers of the EU between 1958 and 1973.
In this period, Luxembourg held one vote, and a qualified majority of votes was defined to be twelve out of seventeen. Given that the other member states each held an even number of votes, Luxembourg was never able to make any difference to the outcomes of the voting process.
Most obviously, for example, what I have the power to do will, typically, depend on whether you are seeking to exercise power over me, to structure my field of possible actions, or to exercise power with me, coordinating our efforts in joint pursuit of a shared goal. Notice, though, that there are contexts in which a given agent may be powerless, in that nothing they can do as this agent, in acting for or against another agent, can have any effect. A classic instance of such a case, with respect to formal decision-making power, is provided by the position of Luxembourg in the Council of Ministers of the EU between 1958 and 1973. In this period, Luxembourg held one vote, and a qualified majority of votes was defined to be twelve out of seventeen. Given that the other member states each held an even number of votes, Luxembourg was never able to make any difference to the outcomes of the voting process.
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