3. JlGle aM female circnf&g-CircUng Involves a curving of the male's
body while swimming around the female. During the prespawning period.
the frequency of circling by both sexes is greater than during the spawn1Dg
period. In well synchronized pairs, the female does very little circling,
but rather is stationary with her body Wted upward and she mounts as
the male presents the horizontal U-ahaped invitation posture. The highest
aynchroni&ation level is generally attained during the latter phase of
the spawning period. Circling duration is usually 2-4 seconds. If the
mount is unsuccessful. circUng ceases and a brief pauae of 2-4 seconds
fonowa before another attempt is made. If unsuccessful mounting attempts
are prolonged. the female usually moves away from the nest and
courtahlp bouts cease for a lonaer duration. Prolonged Incomplete bouts
In Triclaogaater tricAopten&3 cause the female to lose orientation to the
male and result In the male eeaslng to behave sexually and to begin to
chue the female (Miller, 19M).