On the whole, the CW systems could slightly remove nitro- gen pollutants from the nitrified wastewater, with overall removal
efficiencies and loading rates of 46.6% and 940 mg/m2 d for TN. Effective nitrogen removals were achieved in an integrated ver- tical flow constructed wetland systems under inflow COD:N of 1.67, with mean removal efficiencies of 56.2% and 55.1% and mass removal rates of 762.1 mg/m2 d and 819.7 mg/m2 d for nitrate and TN, respectively (Chang et al., 2013).