Mosquitoes are a serious threat to public health transmitting several dangerous diseases for over 2 billion people in the tropics[1]. Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti), the primary carrier for viruses that cause dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever is widespread over large areas of the tropics and subtropics. Mosquito control and personal protection from mosquito bites are currently the most important measures to control these diseases. Many approaches have been developed and tried to tackle mosquito menace. The use of larvicides and repellents is an obvious practicality and economical means of preventing the transmission of these diseases to humans.
The common approach for the control of mosquito vectors and reducing the transmission of human pathogens is based on the chemical insecticide-based intervention measures[2]. However, in the past, the frequent and repeated use of chemical insecticides has resulted in the worldwide development of insecticide resistance, destabilisation of the ecosystem and toxic effects on human beings and nontarget organisms[3]. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new insecticides for controlling mosquitoes which are more environmentally safe, biodegradable and target-specific against the mosquitoes. In recent years, much effort has, therefore, been focused on plant extracts or phytochemicals as potential sources of mosquito control agents or as lead compounds[4,5]. Many researchers have reported the effectiveness of plant extracts or essential oils as efficient mosquito larvicides and repellents without posing hazards of toxicity to humans[6-10]. Several extracts and compounds from different plant families have been evaluated to show new and promising larvicides[11-13]. Further, repellency is known to play an important role in preventing the vector borne diseases byshow that in some village communities, the use of plant repellents to reduce human vector contact is a common practice[14]. Essential oils are natural volatile substances found in a variety of plants. Commercially, essential oils are used in four primary ways: as pharmaceuticals, as flavor enhancers in many food products, as odorants in fragrances, and as insecticides. The plant oils have received much attention as potentially useful bioactive compounds against insects showing a broad spectrum of activity, low mammalian toxicity and degrading rapidly in the environment. Peppermint oil extracted by steam distillation from the leaves of Mentha piperita (M. piperita) has a long tradition of medicinal use. It has high menthol content, and is often used in certain food items. It has also been reported that peppermint oil reduces colic abdominal pain and causes a major reduction in irritable bowel syndrome symptoms[15]. The oil is also reported to contain menthone and menthyl esters. Menthone, present in high concentration in peppermint oil, is reported to act as a natural pesticide[16]. Still, the insecticidal properties of peppermint oil have not been explored. Keeping in view the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, the availability, low budget and less environmental impact, this study was undertaken to assess the larvicidal and repellent potential of the essential oil of peppermint plant, M. piperita against larval and adult stages of Ae. aegypti. The results of the present study would be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for mosquito control based on bioactive
ยุงเป็นภัยคุกคามร้ายแรงการสาธารณสุขที่ส่งหลายโรคเป็นอันตรายมากกว่า 2 พันล้านคนในเขตร้อน [1] Aegypti เป็น (Ae. aegypti), ผู้ให้บริการหลักสำหรับไวรัสที่ทำให้เกิดไข้เลือดออก ไข้เลือดออก และไข้เหลือง เป็นอย่างกว้างขวางบนพื้นที่ขนาดใหญ่ของเขตร้อนและ subtropics การควบคุมยุงและการป้องกันส่วนบุคคลจากการกัดของยุงอยู่ในขณะนี้มาตรการสำคัญที่สุดในการควบคุมโรคเหล่านี้ หลายวิธีได้รับการพัฒนา และพยายามแก้ไขปัญหาภัยคุกคามต่อยุง การใช้ larvicides และควรเป็นงานชัดเจนและประหยัดหมายถึงการป้องกันการส่งผ่านโรคเหล่านี้กับมนุษย์ The common approach for the control of mosquito vectors and reducing the transmission of human pathogens is based on the chemical insecticide-based intervention measures[2]. However, in the past, the frequent and repeated use of chemical insecticides has resulted in the worldwide development of insecticide resistance, destabilisation of the ecosystem and toxic effects on human beings and nontarget organisms[3]. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new insecticides for controlling mosquitoes which are more environmentally safe, biodegradable and target-specific against the mosquitoes. In recent years, much effort has, therefore, been focused on plant extracts or phytochemicals as potential sources of mosquito control agents or as lead compounds[4,5]. Many researchers have reported the effectiveness of plant extracts or essential oils as efficient mosquito larvicides and repellents without posing hazards of toxicity to humans[6-10]. Several extracts and compounds from different plant families have been evaluated to show new and promising larvicides[11-13]. Further, repellency is known to play an important role in preventing the vector borne diseases byshow that in some village communities, the use of plant repellents to reduce human vector contact is a common practice[14]. Essential oils are natural volatile substances found in a variety of plants. Commercially, essential oils are used in four primary ways: as pharmaceuticals, as flavor enhancers in many food products, as odorants in fragrances, and as insecticides. The plant oils have received much attention as potentially useful bioactive compounds against insects showing a broad spectrum of activity, low mammalian toxicity and degrading rapidly in the environment. Peppermint oil extracted by steam distillation from the leaves of Mentha piperita (M. piperita) has a long tradition of medicinal use. It has high menthol content, and is often used in certain food items. It has also been reported that peppermint oil reduces colic abdominal pain and causes a major reduction in irritable bowel syndrome symptoms[15]. The oil is also reported to contain menthone and menthyl esters. Menthone, present in high concentration in peppermint oil, is reported to act as a natural pesticide[16]. Still, the insecticidal properties of peppermint oil have not been explored. Keeping in view the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, the availability, low budget and less environmental impact, this study was undertaken to assess the larvicidal and repellent potential of the essential oil of peppermint plant, M. piperita against larval and adult stages of Ae. aegypti. The results of the present study would be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for mosquito control based on bioactive
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