conducted on the same material, documenting average grain sizes of ∼1.3_m [11] and ∼1.2_m [15]
after four passes using route BC. Furthermore, the measurements provide a clear demonstration that the equilibrium grain size achieved after four passes is dictated solely by the deformation characteristics imposed on the sample in the first pass of ECAP. Close inspection of Fig. 4(a) reveals some partially developed but reasonably equiaxed grains lying within the elongated grains, thereby showing the equiaxed array develops from the elongated structure
with an average size equal to the width of the elongated grains.