At this point, we turn our attention to the design of the navigation output (32). The design task reduces to the selection of the scaler estimator gain Lw For small gain values the instantaneous estimate of W will dominate the response. With the proper selection of Lw significantly higher dynamics exceeding those of torque command can be achieved. A comparison of the response of WAV with the closed loop torque response is shown in Figure 9. Notice NWAVE exhibits better phase response with less peaking in the gain response. It is important to note that the selection of Lw in no way-affects the closed loop dynamics.