The demand for alternative fuels has increased in the past several years. Several substitutes have come into existence in the recent years and many more are on their way to get established as a sustainable fuel alternative [1]. Biodiesel is gaining importance as one of the most important substitutes for the depleting fossil fuels. There are many advantages of using biodiesel as an alternative form of energy [2] and [3]. It can be used as such in the diesel engine without any engine modification indicating that it has comparable physical and chemical properties as conventional diesel. The combustion properties of biodiesel are also very close to those of petroleum diesel [4]. Biodiesel is highly biodegradable [5] and is nontoxic as well as renewable. The exhaust of biodiesel during combustion has lesser carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide as compared to those of petro-diesel [6], [7], [8] and [9]. However, the problems like increased NOx emissions [10] and [11], poor cold flow and poor oxidative stability [12] need to be solved. Therefore, a lot of research is focused on control of these NOx emissions [13], [14], [15] and [16].
Biodiesel can be derived from edible oil seed crops such as sunflower, palm, rapeseed, soybean, coconut, etc. which are considered as first generation biodiesel feedstocks. However, use of such feedstocks for biodiesel production has faced problems as they disturb the overall worldwide balance of food reserves and safety. The non-edible seed crops of jatropha, karanja, jojoba, mahua and waste cooking oil, grease, animal fats, etc. have gained importance in the last few years as second generation feedstocks for biodiesel production. However, these second generation feedstocks are not sufficient to entirely substitute the present transportation needs.
The demand for alternative fuels has increased in the past several years. Several substitutes have come into existence in the recent years and many more are on their way to get established as a sustainable fuel alternative [1]. Biodiesel is gaining importance as one of the most important substitutes for the depleting fossil fuels. There are many advantages of using biodiesel as an alternative form of energy [2] and [3]. It can be used as such in the diesel engine without any engine modification indicating that it has comparable physical and chemical properties as conventional diesel. The combustion properties of biodiesel are also very close to those of petroleum diesel [4]. Biodiesel is highly biodegradable [5] and is nontoxic as well as renewable. The exhaust of biodiesel during combustion has lesser carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide as compared to those of petro-diesel [6], [7], [8] and [9]. However, the problems like increased NOx emissions [10] and [11], poor cold flow and poor oxidative stability [12] need to be solved. Therefore, a lot of research is focused on control of these NOx emissions [13], [14], [15] and [16].
Biodiesel can be derived from edible oil seed crops such as sunflower, palm, rapeseed, soybean, coconut, etc. which are considered as first generation biodiesel feedstocks. However, use of such feedstocks for biodiesel production has faced problems as they disturb the overall worldwide balance of food reserves and safety. The non-edible seed crops of jatropha, karanja, jojoba, mahua and waste cooking oil, grease, animal fats, etc. have gained importance in the last few years as second generation feedstocks for biodiesel production. However, these second generation feedstocks are not sufficient to entirely substitute the present transportation needs.
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