due to weak and fragmented national innovation system. Passive and slow technological learning of firms, ineffective and incoherent government policies, isolated education and training institutes, technologically un supportive and risk-avert financial institutions, incompetent and politicized trade/industry associations and unfavorable institutional context has been perpetuated circumstances for the past fifty years of Thailand’s industrialization. Though there are some major initiatives recently, they failed to instill an effective and long-lasting learning process in the Thai NIS leading to successful industrial and technological catching up.