6.2. Indonesia
Indonesia’s energy labelling program began in 1999. The energy
labelling system was first considered for electrical appliances, initially
for refrigerators [63,64]. However, fuel economy standards
for vehicles are expected to be implemented in the near future,
as they were confirmed at the Conference of the Parties (COP-15)
in December 2009. The current emissions standards equivalent to
Euro II was implemented in 2006. Indonesia expects to advance
to Euro IV-equivalent emission standards by 2012 and working
on plans to upgrade their refineries to produce Euro IV compliant
gasoline during 2014–2016 [65].
There are several policies in Indonesia which are relevant to
vehicle road worthiness and vehicle emissions. Indonesia’s Act
No. 14 (1992) on Road Traffic and Transport states that in order
to prevent air and noise pollution, every motor vehicle must
meet emission and noise standards. The newly enacted Act No.
22/2009 which replaces the Act No. 14/1992 on Traffic and Road
Transportation is the legal basis for the management of land
transportation, including the control of vehicle emissions. The
Act stipulates that the vehicle emission test is an integral part
of the roadworthiness test. Hence, the responsibility for vehicle
emission testing lies with the transportation office, not with
the environment office [12]. According to standards for new type
motor vehicles and current production, government regulations
mandate that new vehicles sold in Indonesia must comply with
the Euro 2 standard started from January 2005 [66]. While for
other vehicle categories (passenger car and motorcycle), the need
for a road worthiness test will be covered by a separate Government
Regulation which has to be issued. Furthermore, no proposed
fuel economy standards in Indonesia have been implemented yet
[12].