The major assumptions of the model include:
(1) Process operated at continuous mode without consideration of plant start-up and shut-down;
(2) Starch, cellulose and xylan were hydrolyzed into glucose and xylose, but only glucose participated ethanol fermentation;
(3) Lignin and extractives components in the cassava residues did not involve the hydrolysis and metabolism of ethanol fermentation;
(4) Mass balance were established on the major components as listed in Table 4 and the minor components such as enzymes, yeast cells, inorganic salts, and nutrition sub- stances were neglected form the mass balance;
(5) Heat dissipation of the equipment was neglected;