Fluid Power and Its Scope
Fluid power is the technology that deals with the generation, control and transmission of
forces and movement of mechanical element or system with the use of pressurized fluids in a
confined system. Both liquids and gases are considered fluids. Fluid power system includes a
hydraulic system (hydra meaning water in Greek) and a pneumatic system (pneuma meaning
air in Greek). Oil hydraulic employs pressurized liquid petroleum oils and synthetic oils, and
pneumatic employs compressed air that is released to the atmosphere after performing the
work.
Perhaps it would be in order that we clarify our thinking on one point. By the term “fluid”
we refer to air or oil, for it has been shown that water has certain drawbacks in the
transmission of hydraulic power in machine operation and control. Commercially, pure water
contains various chemicals (some deliberately included) and also foreign matter, and unless
special precautions are taken when it is used, it is nearly impossible to maintain valves and
working surfaces in satisfactory condition. In the cases where the hydraulic system is closed
(i.e., the one with a self-contained unit that serves one machine or one small group of
machines), oil is commonly used, thus providing, in addition to power transmission, benefits of
lubrication not afforded by water as well as increased life and efficiency of packings and
valves. It should be mentioned that in some special cases, soluble oil diluted with water is
used for safety reasons. The application of fluid power is limited only by the ingenuity of the
designer, production engineer or plant engineer. If the application pertains to lifting, pushing,
pulling, clamping, tilting, forcing, pressing or any other straight line (and many rotary)
motions, it is possible that fluid power will meet the requirement.
Fluid Power and Its ScopeFluid power is the technology that deals with the generation, control and transmission offorces and movement of mechanical element or system with the use of pressurized fluids in aconfined system. Both liquids and gases are considered fluids. Fluid power system includes ahydraulic system (hydra meaning water in Greek) and a pneumatic system (pneuma meaningair in Greek). Oil hydraulic employs pressurized liquid petroleum oils and synthetic oils, andpneumatic employs compressed air that is released to the atmosphere after performing thework.Perhaps it would be in order that we clarify our thinking on one point. By the term “fluid”we refer to air or oil, for it has been shown that water has certain drawbacks in thetransmission of hydraulic power in machine operation and control. Commercially, pure watercontains various chemicals (some deliberately included) and also foreign matter, and unlessspecial precautions are taken when it is used, it is nearly impossible to maintain valves andworking surfaces in satisfactory condition. In the cases where the hydraulic system is closed(i.e., the one with a self-contained unit that serves one machine or one small group ofmachines), oil is commonly used, thus providing, in addition to power transmission, benefits oflubrication not afforded by water as well as increased life and efficiency of packings andvalves. It should be mentioned that in some special cases, soluble oil diluted with water isused for safety reasons. The application of fluid power is limited only by the ingenuity of thedesigner, production engineer or plant engineer. If the application pertains to lifting, pushing,pulling, clamping, tilting, forcing, pressing or any other straight line (and many rotary)motions, it is possible that fluid power will meet the requirement.
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