To address these issues and advance our understanding of the interplay between these psychosocial and neurocognitive variables in RTR, the current study examined the interrelationsof medication adherence (in the present study, specifically implementation adherence—defined here as the extent to which an individual’s actual dosing reflects their prescribed medication regimen [43]), depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, EPS, and neurocognitive abilities toclarify relationships between these variables previously only examined via univariate methods.This multivariate approach allowed us to simultaneously model our four latent independentvariables, interrelatedness among these latent variables, and the relative importance of each asa predictor of medication adherence in RTR. Our multivariate model includes neurocognitiveabilities (i.e., intelligence, executive functions, and memory), EPS, depressive symptoms(depressed affect, absence of well-being, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal rejection), andself-efficacy (both general and adherence-related appraisals), to examine direct and indirectassociations between these variables and medication adherence. To our knowledge, this represents the first comprehensive multivariate investigation of cognitive abilities, depressive symptoms, and self-efficacy in relation to adherence in a sample of RTR.